Different types of BBS shape codes for steel

Sami Ullah, the renowned civil engineer, presents this useful video tutorial in civil engineering youtube channel. In this video, the detail process is given for finding out the quantity of steel as well as shape codes for the steel bars.

Shape codes are considered as the basis of a proper bar bending schedule.

While going to estimate the reinforcement detailing for various members concerning a building, small bent ups and other angle detailing should be considered in the calculation to produce valid and cost-effective bar bending schedule.

It will significantly reduce the cost and wastage of reinforcement.

In beams & slabs there exist various bent ups, cuttings, and development lengths. Each and every bend and angle presented in the member is the outcome of design calculation. Therefore, these should be carefully enforced in practice.

For small projects, it is unnecessary to compute these details, just include a few more inches and work out the Bar Bending Schedule.

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Published By
Arka Roy
http://www.constructioncost.co
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How beam and lintel differs as per structural behavior & load carrying system

This construction video tutorial briefly explains the variations among beam and lintel.

Both the beam and lintel are flexural as well as horizontal members and considered as the vital parts of structural system. But these differ according to their structural behavior and load carrying system.

Given below the points of differentiation:-

Beam		Lintel
It usually transmit load from slab to columns/walls.		It provides support to the wall over the openings/door/window.
It’s end point is rested on columns		It’s end point is rested on walls
It does not contain door and windows under it		It contains door and windows under it

It belongs to a framing member as well as part of Structural Frame.		It usually does not belong to a framing member and not a part of Structural Frame.
It delivers load from slab/floor/roof.		It delivers load of wall over the openings/door/window.
It may function as a fixed beam or simply supported beam.		It usually performs as a simply supported beam.

It is a horizontal member that is arranged parallel to slab.		It is a horizontal member that is arranged across opening.
Its width is identical or in excess of the size of wall underneath.		Its width is similar to the size of wall underneath.
It is generally set at floor height.		It is generally set over the openings.
It is also utilized as decorative architectural element.		It is primarily a structural member.

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Published By
Arka Roy
http://www.constructioncost.co
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Methods of Repairing Cracks in Concrete

It is generally determined that concrete structures face cracking hassle in the course of its lifestyles. This crack ought to be given extreme and careful attention and repair on proper time. Repairing cracked concrete involves quite a few time and value constraints.

There are several techniques of concrete crack restore. Choosing the ideal technique of concrete crack repair will let you save a whole lot of time, cash and power and might deliver long-lasting results. It is vital to understand the kind and nature of cracks that have appeared inside the construction to have the ability to pick out the most suitable and price-effective technique of restore. It is also vital to recognize the cause of cracks so that it is able to be corrected to preserve the cracks from recurring.

The following are the methods of repairing cracks in concrete:

Epoxy Injections: Epoxy injection technique of concrete crack repair can be used to bond the cracks having greater than or same to 0.05mm opening. This technique is not appropriate for crack is energetic and if the cracks are large in number, or whilst the water leakage can’t be controlled.

In this approach, the cracks on uncovered concrete surfaces are sealed through injecting epoxy under the concrete crack. But, it’s essential to find and connect the major motive of cracks before injecting the epoxy into the cracks otherwise the cracks will keep on emerging once more and again.

Problems which include leakages and silt contamination harm the efficiency of epoxy, therefore it is recommended to fix these problems earlier than injecting the epoxy to make it remaining longer. The Epoxy injection approach of crack repair requires quite a few discipline and skillful execution so that you need to make sure that the person executing the repairs knows his work.

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Published By
Arka Roy
http://www.constructioncost.co
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How to resolve incorrect myth about column construction

The super structure can be developed in different methods. The walls of houses for two to three storied structures can be constructed with bricks containing the slabs, lintels, chajja etc. in reinforced concrete in the regions where superior quality bricks are obtainable.

Such construction is known as load bearing construction due to the whole load generating from the slabs, beams, walls etc is delivered to the foundation via the brick walls.

In the regions where natural disasters like earthquake or high speed storms occur frequently, such load bearing wall construction is unsafe for resisting horizontal drifts if not retrofitted. This type of construction is appropriate upto G+2 storied building on the whole.

The demand for RCC (Reinforced Cement Concrete) framed construction will be increased to cope up with the requirement of developing high storied building with natural hazards.

Generally, RCC framed construction comprises of a series of columns which are arranged properly in the house and interconnected with beams to build a frame. These columns deliver the building load to soil located below via RCC footings.

The frame, starting from the foundation, has to be designed by A structural engineer will design the frame that start from the foundation as well as settle on the mix of concrete to be applied, the sizes of columns and beams, the reinforcement to be arranged therein, on the basis of the loads to be retained by the structure.

Definition of Column: Column stands for a vertical compression member that transfers the load of the structure to foundations. They are reinforced with the use of main longitudinal (vertical) bars to withstand compression and/or bending; and transverse steel (closed ties) to withstand shearing force.

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Published By
Arka Roy
http://www.constructioncost.co
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Staircase Dimensions – How to Calculate Properly

Staircase measurements are a significant piece of staircase security. This page covers the entirety of the significant staircase estimations and a slip-up to keep an eye out for! Staircase dimensions are an important part of staircase safety. Here isn this article we cover all of the important staircase measurements and mistakes not to ignore.

Treads and Risers: The tread size (min 10ins/25.4cm) is directed by the normal grown-up foot size, despite the fact that it isn’t important to have the option to accommodate your whole foot on a tread all together for strolling up the stairs to be both agreeable and safe.

The riser height (max 7¾ins/19.7cm) is constrained by the manner by which we descend the stairs. Things being what they are, you could move up definitely more than 7¾ inches effectively and you could descend unquestionably more than 7¾ inches effectively on the off chance that you are confronting in reverse. The rungs of a stepping stool are set at progressively like 12ins/30cm separated. However, we go down the stairs confronting advances, and it’s this that restrains the riser size to being a lot smaller.

The most extreme measurement between balusters is 6ins/15.2cm. I don’t know for certain what this depends on, however I’m thinking the thought is that it shouldn’t be anything but difficult to get a foot or arm caught in the middle of a baluster. Having said that there are a lot of staircase plans where the external handrail has greater holes or is missing through and through.

Staircase estimations: To compute the run of the stairs, just duplicate the tread measurement (guarantee this does exclude the nose – see underneath) by the quantity of steps.

To figure the rise of the stairs, increase the rise measurement by the quantity of steps.

Or on the other hand, to turn out what number of steps you need, take your ceiling height and separation by suppose 16 to begin with. On the off chance that you think of a riser that is a sensible size and not exactly the greatest measurement shown above you need 16 stages. Have a go at partitioning your ceiling height by different numbers until you concoct a riser measurement that works.

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Published By
Arka Roy
http://www.constructioncost.co
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Structural Load Analysis of a Construction

Structural analysis is a significant piece of a design of structures and other constructed resources, for example, scaffolds and passages, as structural loads can cause pressure, twisting and uprooting that may bring about structural issues or even disappointment.

The structure guidelines necessitate that structures must be designed and worked to have the option to withstand all load types that they are probably going to look at during their lifecycle.

There are various sorts of load that can follow up on a structure, the nature of which will change as indicated by the design, use, area and materials being utilized. Design necessities are commonly indicated as far as the greatest loads that a structure must have the option to withstand.

Loads are commonly named either dead loads (DL) or live loads (LL). Dead loads allude to the structure’s self weight and for the most part stay consistent during the structure’s life. Live loads, for example, traffic loads may fluctuate.

Loads may likewise be classified as:

Concentrated loads (or point loads): Single loads that demonstration over a generally little zone, for example, column loads.

Line loads: Loads apply a load along a line, for example, a parcel’s weight on the floor.

Distributed (or surface) loads: These apply a load over a surface zone, for example, the heaviness of floors and roofing materials.

Dead loads (DL): Dead loads, otherwise called perpetual or static loads, are those overwhelmingly connected with the heaviness of the structure itself, and thus stay stationary and moderately consistent after some time. Dead loads may incorporate the heaviness of any structural components, lasting non-structural segments, relentless installations, for example, plasterboard, worked in cabinets, etc.

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Published By
Arka Roy
http://www.constructioncost.co
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Methods of Repairing Cracks in Concrete

It is generally determined that concrete structures face cracking hassle in the course of its lifestyles. This crack ought to be given extreme and careful attention and repair on proper time. Repairing cracked concrete involves quite a few time and value constraints.

There are several techniques of concrete crack restore. Choosing the ideal technique of concrete crack repair will let you save a whole lot of time, cash and power and might deliver long-lasting results. It is vital to understand the kind and nature of cracks that have appeared inside the construction to have the ability to pick out the most suitable and price-effective technique of restore. It is also vital to recognize the cause of cracks so that it is able to be corrected to preserve the cracks from recurring.

The following are the methods of repairing cracks in concrete:

Epoxy Injections: Epoxy injection technique of concrete crack repair can be used to bond the cracks having greater than or same to 0.05mm opening. This technique is not appropriate for crack is energetic and if the cracks are large in number, or whilst the water leakage can’t be controlled.

In this approach, the cracks on uncovered concrete surfaces are sealed through injecting epoxy under the concrete crack. But, it’s essential to find and connect the major motive of cracks before injecting the epoxy into the cracks otherwise the cracks will keep on emerging once more and again.

Problems which include leakages and silt contamination harm the efficiency of epoxy, therefore it is recommended to fix these problems earlier than injecting the epoxy to make it remaining longer. The Epoxy injection approach of crack repair requires quite a few discipline and skillful execution so that you need to make sure that the person executing the repairs knows his work.

Epoxy resin loses power while exposed to fireplace or sustained elevated temperatures and fireproofing safety is required for such structural maintenance.

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Published By
Arka Roy
http://www.constructioncost.co
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The Goa-Karnataka Highway Project to Start Soon

The IRB Infrastructure Developers Ltd. have announced the commissioning of the Goa-Karnataka Border Highway to Kundapur on Wednesday. The highway is to have four lanes and have a concession life of 28 years. The projected cost of the construction is Rs. 3447 crore.

One of the biggest private companies in India to build road infrastructure, the IRB has constructed over 12600 kilometers of lanes already. With impeccable reputation, they seem to be well-suited to handle this project. With this project commissioned, all the 12 projects under the company’s wing presently ongoing are going to be revenue generating.

The actual commissioning is done by the IRB Westcoast Tollway, a subsidiary of IRB Infrastructure. They have commissioned the Goa-Karnataka Border to Kundapur 4-lane highway project. Thus it will be open for vehicular traffic.

Features of the project:

Total length of serviceable road: 61.26 km
Pedestrian underpasses: 9
Vehicular underpasses: 3
Flyovers: 4
Minor bridges: 39
Major bridges: 14
Intersections with other roads: 23
Culverts and similar passes: 573
line over bridges: 3
Toll fee collection plazas: 3
Concessional life: 28 years
Estimated total cost of construction: Rs. 3,447 crore

The company chairman and managing director Virendra D Mahaiskar said, “We are happy to commission the important coast highway infrastructure link between West and South India. We believe that the project would bring the world class and safe commuting experience of the highway infrastructure in India.”

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Published By
Arka Roy
http://www.constructioncost.co
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How to Calculate the Safe Bearing Capacity of Soil

It is extremely important to figure out the safe bearing capacity of the soil at the construction site. If this is not done properly, the structure may settle, and the building may get damaged, or even collapse. For this reason, we perform various tests to find out the safe bearing capacity of the soil. Today, let us see how we can do this.

The safe bearing capacity of soil is defined as the maximum load per unit area that the soil can bear without any displacement or settlement. This is measured in terms of kilograms per square centimeter. If the load exceeds this mark, the soil will start to displace or break. This will lead to structure settlement, which can end up in destructive results.

Formula:
Safe bearing capacity of soil = (ultimate bearing capacity)/(Cross-section area x Factor of safety)

Explanation: The ultimate bearing capacity of the soil is the point at which the soil starts to displace under load.

Any soil can take up to a certain amount of load only, after which it starts to settle or displace.

The cross-section area is the area of soil on site on which the tests are being performed. It can be a square meter in general practice.

The factor of safety indicates how safe the soil capacity results must be before considering a certain type of construction. Naturally, it depends upon the type of building being constructed. It is kept at 2 for general civil constructions and 3 for high-rise or heavy constructions.

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Published By
Arka Roy
http://www.constructioncost.co
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Contemporary 3BHK Duplex House Design

Today we will review the design of Arabella, a contemporary 3BHK duplex. It is a rather small house with a space-saving design, which puts the living area in the ground floor and the sleeping area on the first floor. The total livable area in this house is 232 square meters. On top of that, you have a roof deck.

The Arabella design is suitable to build in any plot with 176 square meters of area. The Building is attached with a one-side firewall. The front of the plot must have at least 11.5 meters of clearing.

1. Advantages of of the design
2. Modern looks
3. Suitable for urban areas
4. Suitable for seasides and mountainsides
5. Roof deck offers panoramic view of surroundings and sky

Color scheme suitable for this design: The walls should be painted a stark or mellow white, including the main wall. Accents should be painted a dark color contrasting with the walls, but not clashing contrast.

Other areas like roof bars and doors should have light earth colors like wood finish. Large aluminum framed windows should have dark gray frames and dark glasses in order to imbue more depth of field to the white walls.

Ground Floor Plan: Ground floor plan of the Arabella design consists of the living and utility area. It has: living room, dining, kitchen, common toilet and bath. Outdoors building will consist of the garage, lanai, porch, service/laundry area.

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Published By
Arka Roy
http://www.constructioncost.co
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