Different types of BBS shape codes for Steel

Sami Ullah, the renowned civil engineer, presents this useful video tutorial in civil engineering youtube channel. In this video, the detail process is given for finding out the quantity of steel as well as shape codes for the steel bars.

Shape codes are considered as the basis of a proper bar bending schedule.

While going to estimate the reinforcement detailing for various members concerning a building, small bent ups and other angle detailing should be considered in the calculation to produce valid and cost-effective bar bending schedule.

It will significantly reduce the cost and wastage of reinforcement.

In beams & slabs there exist various bent ups, cuttings, and development lengths. Each and every bend and angle presented in the member is the outcome of design calculation. Therefore, these should be carefully enforced in practice.

For small projects, it is unnecessary to compute these details, just include a few more inches and work out the Bar Bending Schedule.

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Published By
Arka Roy
www.constructioncost.co

Foundation – its requirements and functions

Foundation can be defined as the lowest part in a particular structure, which has direct contact with the ground soil. Foundation is constructed in such a way that, it could distribute the load of the structure equally in the soil.

A foundation can be briefly categorized into two parts namely, deep foundation and shallow foundation. Deep Foundation; distributes the pressure and load of the structure into the deeper hole below the ground surface. Shallow Foundation; transfer the pressure into a shallow hole through the stratum.

Usually, before the structure is constructed, the type of foundation required by this structure is determined. Usually, for huge skyscrapers and high-rise buildings, a deep foundation is always suggested. Foundation must be designed in such a way that it should be capable of incorporating different effects of construction.

Foundations are usually constructed by putting trenches dig deeper into the soil up to the hard stratum is reached. For foundation strength and durability, concrete is used in this trench. This trench is later embodied with a reinforcement cage structure for its strength.

The outward projected steel bars act as a bone of the structure and must be linked to the substance above. After the foundation is perfectly constructed, the main structure construction is started. Foundation can be constructed by using concrete, steel rods, beams, bricks, etc.

The foundation of a structure must be build to prevent from various aspects like:-

• Foundation should be created in such a way that underlying soil does not cut loose.
• Every foundation has its own capacity of bearing load, try not to exceed that pressure.

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Published By
Arka Roy
www.constructioncost.co

Resolve incorrect myth about column construction

The super structure can be developed in different methods. The walls of houses for two to three storied structures can be constructed with bricks containing the slabs, lintels, chajja etc. in reinforced concrete in the regions where superior quality bricks are obtainable.

Such construction is known as load bearing construction due to the whole load generating from the slabs, beams, walls etc is delivered to the foundation via the brick walls.

In the regions where natural disasters like earthquake or high speed storms occur frequently, such load bearing wall construction is unsafe for resisting horizontal drifts if not retrofitted. This type of construction is appropriate upto G+2 storied building on the whole.

The demand for RCC (Reinforced Cement Concrete) framed construction will be increased to cope up with the requirement of developing high storied building with natural hazards.

Generally, RCC framed construction comprises of a series of columns which are arranged properly in the house and interconnected with beams to build a frame. These columns deliver the building load to soil located below via RCC footings.

The frame, starting from the foundation, has to be designed by A structural engineer will design the frame that start from the foundation as well as settle on the mix of concrete to be applied, the sizes of columns and beams, the reinforcement to be arranged therein, on the basis of the loads to be retained by the structure.

Definition of Column: Column stands for a vertical compression member that transfers the load of the structure to foundations. They are reinforced with the use of main longitudinal (vertical) bars to withstand compression and/or bending; and transverse steel (closed ties) to withstand shearing force.

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Arka Roy
www.constructioncost.co

PM Marape breaks ground on full redevelopment and new A&E Faculty in Hela hospital

Prime Minister of Papua New Guinean, Hon. James Marape, have broke ground this Monday, as he announced a new Accident and Emergency faculty to be introduced and redevelopment to be made in the Hela hospital premises.

Under PM’s plan to reinstall hospitals in the city, K310 million was sanctioned for this construction purpose. Many private companies like Oil Search, Santos, and government companies have invested in this development construction of Hela Hospital. This will together make a get investment in the future of the state.

PM’s plan of developing the health sector is reflected in this year’s budget allocation. Prime Minister Mr. Marape has praised those private companies who have taken the initiative and become a partner of PM’s plan to redevelop and add a new A&E sector to this hospital.

Before introducing the new A&E facility, PM also introduced and ground break on its new territorial Hela Hospital at citizen’s service.

According to Prime Minister Mr. Marape, even though Hela is a part of southern highlands, the local people have not received any kind of facility from the hospital compared to the level of investments done since 1990.

PM quoted, that this province people have waited since 1990 when the hospital was started to get funds, still, now no kind of health facility is provided to the citizens. PM also said that he feels very much embarrassed about the fact that, those people could not get the proper medical facilities, which they truly deserve.

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Published By
Arka Roy
www.constructioncost.co

Heavy Construction Equipments often used and their types

We have no clear idea of how these huge structures like buildings, skyscrapers, and huge bridges were constructed. How much manpower plus heavy machinery were required in order to perfectly construct a structure. Heavy equipment was introduced for this kind of purpose that is reluctantly working day and night throughout the whole world.

These kinds of heavy machinery are often used from the very beginning of the construction process. Using this kind of heavy construction equipments, contractors can construct a structure comparatively easily. Nowadays heavy constructional equipment has taken heavy responsibilities and made construction comparatively easy.

And in this fast pace world contractors have various options on choosing the perfect equipment to get their job done. Below are a few types of construction equipments discussed.

Types of Heavy Construction Equipments

Excavator: This is widely used heavy construction-based equipment globally recognized. This Excavator is heavy machinery generally used to excavate but it has other utilities too like heavy objects lifting, demolition of a structure, river dredging, cutting of trees to clear land for the construction, etc.

Excavators have a long arm and a chamber where the operator is, at the end of that long steel arm a huge digging bucket is provided. Like a military tank, this upper portion including the operator’s chamber and the steel arm can rotate at 360 degrees.

Backhoe: This is another widely used heavy construction equipment usually to perform various tasks. Its name is appropriate according to its function. It has a hoe provided at his back and a loading bucket is given at the front.

This is usually an excavating materials used to demolish or clear a land for construction. It also have front and back bucket for loading unloading and also to lift heavy objects.

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Published By
Arka Roy
www.constructioncost.co

Drawbacks of Total Station and benefits

Introduction

Nowadays “Total Station” is the most popular software for surveyors to use on the job site. A total station is created by combining an electronic theodolite, an electronic distance measuring device (EDM), and a microprocessor containing a memory unit with the purpose of finding out the coordinates concerning a reflector that arranges the instruments crosshairs on the reflector and at the same time work out the vertical and horizontal angles and slope distances. The recording, readings, and the necessary calculation are performed through a microprocessor situated in the instrument.

In field Survey, grounded instruments is now so wide that it would be delicate to imagine any contemporary point surveying without it.

The recent operations of electronics in the surveying instruments has enabled the surveyors to collect and reuse the field data much more fluently and to a advanced perfection than is possible using routine instruments.

Electronic theodolite is combined and connived with EDMs and electronic data collectors, they come total stations or electronic tacheometers ET.

These total stations can read and record vertical and perpendicular angles, together with pitch distances.

These are operated using a mulfi- function keyboard which is connected to a microprocessor erected into the instrument.

The microprocessor in the aggregate station can not only perform a variety of fine operations, but in some cases can also store compliances directly using an internal memory.

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Arka Roy
www.constructioncost.co

Russian Ecolant Company breaks ground on $2 billion DRI- fed EAF steel plant

Ecolant is a company owned by Anatoly Sedykh, mainly creating Steel pipe and Railway Wheels broke ground on an Rb 150 billion (US $2 billion) Direct Reduced Iron (DRI) furnace mill in Vyksa, Central Russia. It is expected to finish the construction in 2025.

Russia Company, Ecolant ground breaks and introduced a mill which has a capacity to feed nearly about 1.8 million metric tons per year which will be fed with in-house made Direct Reduced Iron.

According to the officials, the designing and manufacturing work is carried out by Italian and Austrian engineering companies Danieli and Primetals

It is planned that 1.8 million mt per year steel output is to be fed with DRI made in-house in the amount of 2.5 million mt per year.

DRI and steel project when constructed in 2025 to produce its own power, the plant will source 3.5 million mt per year of in-house made natural gases and DR graded pellets which is abundantly available in Russia. Later, it is expected to run in hydrogen, according to the officials.

Ecolant is likely to provide all in all 100 facilities to the entire globe relating to technological lines for example steelmaking, air separation, water treatment plant, processing of by-products, Railway related parts, and energy supply.

The core product will be based on Energiron, an innovative strong product of this technology which is more than just direct Reduced Iron. It is an HYL DR technology jointly invented and developed by the Argentinean Engineering Company (Techint) and Italian Company (Danieli). It is specifically designed to produce the lowest CO2 footprints and also contribute to 24-megawatt generations.

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Arka Roy
www.constructioncost.co

What to Consider Before Building Your Dream Custom Home

Building a new home is like starting a new phase in someone’s life. Everyone’s dream home idea is different from another person. To build a dream home a person should build a proper vision and must have a proper thought process. The vast opportunities and outcomes of a person getting started with his idea of building his custom home is immerse. But to successfully execute his ideas a person has to think and consider a lot of things in his mind.

Firstly, you have to find a custom home builder and work with them with your idea till the very end. To get started we have to first make sure of few vital aspects like budget, location, and the total time period needed to complete the final project.

Budgeting of the project

The budget should be properly planned as most of the people runs out of money soon after. You can also get help by taking loan from a bank but must consider a few banks as different banks provide loans with different interest rates and the best fit for you.

You must also keep some money aside if any unforeseen circumstances occur. The size of the land, the costs of each material to the cost for hiring a home builder all is to be taken into consideration.

Location and surroundings

The location where your dream house is being built is crucial because you will be living there and all problems and facilities must be taken into consideration and your livelihood also depends on it.

The requirements of both you and your family is important, like sending your children to school, a proper neighborhood to live, nearby infrastructures like hospitals, markets and available transportation for your daily commute all must be taken into consideration. The safety and development changes a lot with the location you are living in.

Finding the proper home builder

A good and professional home builder must be given the project of building your dream house; A professional home builder should understand your wants and push you towards your final desired goal.

You must make your plans and ideas clear and also ask any question if required because a small doubt or misunderstanding may cause your building project to fail. Your home builder should meet all your expectations and must consider the best builder to construct your dream house.

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Arka Roy
www.constructioncost.co

Structural Load Analysis of a Construction

Structural analysis is a significant piece of a design of structures and other constructed coffers, for illustration, pulpits and passages, as structural loads can beget pressure, wringing and extracting that may bring about structural issues or indeed disappointment.

The structure guidelines bear that structures must be designed and worked to have the option to repel all cargo types that they’re presumably going to look at during their lifecycle.

There are colorful feathers of cargo that can follow up on a structure, the nature of which will change as indicated by the design, use, area and accoutrements being employed. Design musts are generally indicated as far as the topmost loads that a structure must have the option to repel.

Loads are generally named either dead loads (DL) or live loads (LL). Dead loads allude to the structure’s tone weight and for the utmost part stay harmonious during the structure’s life. Live loads, for illustration, business loads may change.

Loads may likewise be classified as

Concentrated loads (or point loads)

Single loads that demonstration over a generally little zone, for example, column loads.

Line loads: Loads apply a load along a line, for example, a parcel’s weight on the floor.

Distributed (or surface) loads

These apply a load over a surface zone, for example, the heaviness of floors and roofing materials.

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Arka Roy
www.constructioncost.co

IMPROVON breaks ground on his new logistic facilities at Rand Airport Commercial Park

On February 16, Real-Estate investment company “Improvon” broke ground on their new R1.3 billion logistics and warehousing facility, constructed at Rand Airport Commercial Park, Dakota district.

According to the official announcement, this huge R1.3 billion project will commence in five phases with capturing an area of 250,000 m2, from which only 130,000 m2 area will be under roof.

Phase 1 of this Mega Dakota project is likely to be completed within September, providing an under-roof area facility to almost 7,600 m2 and gradually will increase the number to 13,000 m2 of the area to be providing full-fledged A-grade logistic providing facilities.

“Nedbank”, property partner and financial service provider is a key investor and stakeholder in this project.

“Improvon” CEO Stefano Contardo quoted, on the groundbreaking ceremony that the strategic location of Rand Airport makes it a unique and suitable place for this project. It also proves easy access to numerous highways.

CEO also said that this location acts as an advantage to the project, as it opens a pathway to Johannesburg and Tshwane from KwaZulu-Natal. He also mentioned that most logistics and Freight companies use these roadways to transfer goods they could use this warehouse to break a stressful and long journey.

He also mentioned that this huge investment in this project was supported by the productive outlook of its warehousing and logistic functions.

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Published By
Arka Roy
www.constructioncost.co